Correct Answer: b) Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC)

• • Explanation: BIRAC, under the Department of Biotechnology, provided support for developing this indigenous antibiotic.

Correct Answer: b) It is effective against drug-resistant bacteria after three decades of no new developments in its class.

• • Explanation: Nafithromycin is the first major development in this antibiotic class globally in over 30 years, addressing AMR issues effectively.

Correct Answer: b) Children, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals

• • Explanation: Nafithromycin is specifically aimed at high-risk groups, including children, elderly individuals, and those with weakened immune systems.

Correct Answer: c) It makes infections harder to treat, requiring stronger drugs with limited success.

• • Explanation: AMR reduces the efficacy of antibiotics, leading to prolonged illnesses, higher medical costs, and increased mortality.

Correct Answer: b) Treating Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP)

• • Explanation: Nafithromycin is specifically designed to treat CABP, a serious condition caused by drug-resistant bacteria.

Correct Answer: b) It targets both typical and atypical pathogens, addressing AMR comprehensively.

• • Explanation: Nafithromycin’s ability to target a broad spectrum of pathogens, including those resistant to other drugs, makes it a significant innovation in pneumonia treatment.