Answer is C

• While tensions are possible, cooperation for water management is also a potential outcome.

Answer is C

• • Explanation: The decreasing of trade winds is a critical aspect in El Nino development. Ocean currents play an important part in this process, hence option (c) is appropriate.

Answer is C

• • Weakening trade winds disturb the Humboldt Current, raising ocean temperatures and changing fish species distribution. Choice (c) is most likely.

Answer is B

• El Niño occurrences can last anywhere from a few months to a year. Option (b) is the most accurate.

Answer is C

• Deforestation and urbanization reduce snow storage capacity and alter weather patterns, impacting snowfall.

Answer is D

• • El Nino has a global impact on weather patterns, but it is most noticeable in the Pacific and nearby regions. Option (d) is more closely related to La Nina, the antiphase of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation cycle.

Answer is C

• Reduced snowfall has an influence on snow-based tourism and the revenue of individuals who work in the sector.

Answer is B

• • Explanation: While El Nino's exact impacts can vary, understanding its general patterns can help us anticipate and prepare for potential changes in weather patterns. Option (b) highlights this benefit.

Answer is D

• Explanation: El Nino events lower air pressure in Tahiti and raise it in Darwin, lowering SOI. Thus, option (d) is right.

What is Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)?

• • The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) monitors the El Niño-La Niña climatic pattern by comparing surface air pressure anomalies in Darwin, Australia, and Tahiti.

Answer is C

• El Nino warms the Pacific Ocean, weakening Western Disturbances that typically bring snowfall to Kashmir.