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Today’s Mains Question comes from Geography Topic “EL-Nino”

Today’s Mains Question comes from India’s First Self-Sufficient Gaushala with Advanced CBG Plant

Mains Questions From Today’s Current Affairs:

Question 1:

Analyze the complex interplay of El Nino, climate change, and local factors in contributing to the current dry spell in Kashmir’s Gulmarg. Discuss the potential long-term implications of this phenomenon for the environment, economy, and regional stability.

Model Answer:

- There are several factors that have contributed to the lack of snow in Gulmarg this winter. The disruption caused by El Nino on Western Disturbances has an immediate impact, leading to a decrease in precipitation. Nevertheless, the issue of climate change, with its increasing global temperatures, presents a significant long-term concern. Rising temperatures have a negative effect on snowfall, which in turn affects water storage in the Himalayas and could potentially result in water scarcity down the line. In addition, the problem is worsened by deforestation and changes in land use, which decrease the amount of snow that can be stored and disrupt weather patterns.
- The effects of this drought are diverse. The environment is at risk of experiencing a decrease in snowmelt-fed rivers, which could have negative impacts on ecosystems and agriculture. The tourism industry, which heavily depends on winter sports, is experiencing significant economic losses, which in turn is affecting the livelihoods of the local community. In addition, the issue of water scarcity can intensify geopolitical tensions among nations that share the Himalayan rivers.
- Thus, tackling this problem necessitates a comprehensive strategy. Global cooperation is essential for effectively mitigating climate change. It is crucial to prioritise sustainable forest management practices and responsible land-use planning at the local level. In addition, encouraging different winter tourism activities and adjusting water management strategies can assist communities in dealing with the evolving climate. Through a comprehensive understanding of the various factors at play and taking a well-rounded approach, we can successfully overcome this challenge and secure a sustainable future for the region.

Question 2:

Critically evaluate the economic viability of relying solely on snow-based tourism in Kashmir, particularly in light of the recent dry spell. Suggest alternative strategies for diversifying the region’s economy while ensuring environmental sustainability.

Model Answer:

- Kashmir’s economy has historically been heavily dependent on winter sports and tourism centred around snow. Nevertheless, the current lack of rainfall and the looming concern of climate change raise questions about the long-term viability of this approach. Relying solely on snow-based tourism leaves the region susceptible to weather fluctuations and limits economic diversification.
- It is essential to maintain a balance between economic stability and environmental preservation in order to achieve long-term success. Possible options involve the promotion of eco-tourism all year round, with a particular emphasis on cultural heritage and thrilling adventure activities. In addition, supporting local handicrafts and agricultural production can help generate additional sources of income. In addition, investments in renewable energy and sustainable infrastructure have the potential to generate employment opportunities and promote environmental conservation.
- Incorporating a sustainable approach also entails managing waste responsibly, implementing eco-friendly building practices, and encouraging responsible tourism among visitors. Through the implementation of various economic strategies, adoption of sustainable practices, and fostering community resilience, Kashmir has the potential to successfully navigate the challenges posed by climate change and flourish in the coming years.

Remember: These are just sample answers. It’s important to further research and refine your responses based on your own understanding and perspective.

Relevance to the UPSC Prelims and Mains syllabus under the following topics:

UPSC Prelims:

- Current Affairs and Geography: MCQs: Expect factual questions about:
  El Nino: Characteristics, impact on global weather patterns (e.g., rainfall changes), connection to trade winds and ocean currents.
  Climate Change: Causes (greenhouse gases, human activities), consequences (rising sea levels, extreme weather events), international agreements like the Paris Agreement.
  Focus: Thorough understanding of core concepts, memorizing key facts, ability to interpret data and diagrams related to weather patterns and climate change.

UPSC Mains:

- General Essay and Paper-I: General Studies: Both El Nino and climate change can be potential essay topics, demanding a broader perspective and analytical approach. You could:
- Discuss regional impacts of El Nino (e.g., monsoon variability in India).
  Analyze the interplay between El Nino and climate change in affecting weather extremes.
  Propose strategies for mitigating and adapting to climate change impacts in specific geographical contexts.
- Optional Paper: Depending on your chosen optional, these topics might appear directly or indirectly:
  Physical Geography: Detailed analysis of El Nino’s influence on ocean currents, monsoon patterns, and climate models.